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Mischocyttarus mexicanus
''Mischocyttarus mexicanus'' (de Saussure) is a New World paper wasp 〔Post, DC & Jeanne, RL. (1982). "Sternal Glands in Three Species of Male Social Wasps of the Genus ''Mischocyttarus'' (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)." ''Journal of the New York Entomological Society''. 90(1):8–15.〕 that exhibits facultative eusocial behavior and includes at least two subspecies living in the southern United States and Central America.〔Gunnels IV, CW, Dubrovskiy, A, & Avalos, A. (2008). "Social interactions as an ecological constraint in a eusocial insect." ''Animal Behavior''. 75:681–691.〕〔 This social wasp species is a good model for studying the selective advantage of different nesting tactics within a single species.〔Clouse, R. (2001). "Some effects of group size on the output of beginning nests of ''Mischocyttarus mexicanus'' (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)." ''Florida Entomologist''. 84(3):418–424.〕 ''M. mexicanus'' females can form nests both as individuals and as members of a colony, and are even known to switch between these two nesting strategies throughout their life, which is an interesting phenomenon in the field of social biology.〔 Individuals in a colony have particular social roles that are plastic, as opposed to rigid castes,〔 and brood parasitism and usurpation have been observed between unrelated conspecifics.〔 They nest in a variety of types of plants and human constructions, although they have most frequently been observed in palm trees,〔 and they are known to interact with a number of other species as prey, competitors over resources, or foragers.〔
== Taxonomy and phylogeny ==
''M. mexicanus'' was described by Henri de Saussure in 1854, and it is a member of the social polistine wasp genus ''Mischocyttarus''.〔Silveira, OT. (2008). "Phylogeny of wasps of the genus ''Mischocyttarus'' de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae)." ''Revista Brasileira de Entomologia''. 52(4):510–549.〕 ''Mischocyttarus'' is actually cited as the largest genus of social wasps, and it consists entirely of New World wasp species.〔 ''M. mexicanus'' includes at least two subspecies: ''M. mexicanus cubicula'' (Richards, 1978) and ''M. mexicanus mexicanus'' (de Saussure).〔Carpenter, JM, Hunt, JH, Strassmann, JE. (2009). "''Mischocyttarus mexicanus cubicola'': Major Extension of Its Range to Texas (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)." ''Entomologica Americana''. 115(1):95–96.〕 ''Mischocyttarus'' biology is, reportedly, very similar to that of several wasps of the genus ''Polistes''.〔
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